ADHESION OF TONER TO PHOTOCONDUCTOR.

Abstract

The adhesion of toner to photoconductor and carrier has been extensively studied but no consensus obtained on the mechanism. It is thought to result from electrostatic attraction, van der Waals forces, or both. We have examined 20 mu m IBM Series III 10/20 toner on organic photoconductor. The data is consistent with an electrostatic model of adhesion in which the toner charge resides in only a few localized regions, asymmetrically placed on the surface. Scanning-electron micrographs of developed toner support this interpretation. The possible dominance of van der Waals forces that may be hidden by a dependence parallel to the charge was explored and found to be inconsistent with results obtained.