Aliphatic platforms for the design of 157 nm chemically amplified resists

Abstract

Our primary platform for 157 nm positive resists is built on a copolymer of t-butyl 2-trifluoromethylacrylate (TBTFMA) and norbornene bearing hexafluoroisopropanol (NBHFA) as an acid group, which is prepared by radical copolymerization. The radical copolymerization of 2-trifluoromethylacrylic monomers with norbornene derivatives has been found through reactivity ratio determination and in situ 1H NMR analysis of kinetics to deviate from the terminal model but to follow the penultimate model. These copolymers typically contain >50 mol% TBTFMA, are lipophilic, and fail to provide good imaging due to poor wettability. Blending a homopolymer of NBHFA (optical density (OD)=l.7/μm at 157 nm) into the copolymers (OD=2.5-2.7/μm) increases the hydrophilicity and reduces OD to 2.2-2.0/μm, providing high resolution images. Another platform we have identified is a copolymer of TBTFMA with vinyl ethers, which can be prepared by using a common radical initiator. Some of the vinyl ether copolymers are also homogeneously miscible with the NBHFA homopolymer and thus their OD and aqueous base development can be improved by blending. © 2002 SPIE · 0277-786X/02/$15.00.