Proof that ∂E∂ni=ε in density-functional theory

Abstract

It is shown that the variation of the total energy, as constructed in density-functional theory, with respect to an orbital occupation is equal to the eigenvalue of that orbital, independent of the detailed form of the exchange-correlation functional. This leads to a rigorous connection between the ground-state energies of N- and (N+1)-particle systems, which is useful in the calculation of certain excitation energies. © 1978 The American Physical Society.