Stable checkpoint selection and evaluation in sequence to sequence speech synthesis

Abstract

Autoregressive Attentive Sequence-to-Sequence (S2S) speech synthesis is considered state-of-the-art in terms of speech quality and naturalness, as evaluated on a finite set of testing utterances. However, it can occasionally suffer from stability issues at inference time, such as local intelligibility problems or utterance incompletion. Frequently, a model's stability varies from one checkpoint to another, even after the training loss shows signs of convergence, making the selection of a stable model a tedious and time-consuming task. In this work we propose a novel stability metric designed for automatic checkpoint selection based on incomplete utterance counts within a validation set. The metric is based solely on attention matrix analysis in inference mode and requires no ground-truth output targets. The proposal runs 125 times faster than real-time on a GPU (Tesla- K80), allowing convenient incorporation during training to filter out unstable checkpoints, and we demonstrate, via objective and perceptual metrics, its effectiveness in selecting a robust model that attains a good trade-off between stability and quality.